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Ferdinad Springer (b. Berlin, Germany 1907 -d. 1998) studied with Roger Bissière at the Académie Ranson in Paris before working and teaching at Atelier 17 in the early 1930s. He was interned with numerous artists including Max Ernst and Hans Bellmer at the Tuilerie des Milles camp near Aix-en-Provence and after his release in 1940, he returned to Grasse and started the 'Grasse Group' with Hans Arp, Sonia Delaunay, Alberto Magnelli amongst others.